Structural Causes of Economic Decline in South Africa

South Africa’s economy began to slow down between 2017 and 2019 before seeing negative growth in 2020. Growth resumed slowly in the second half of 2021, but the government imposed heavy economic control. Those measures led to a sharp decline in economic growth rates. South Africa’s economy turned fragile despite the fact it enjoyed highly developed economy and well-developed infrastructure.

Salah Khalil Salah Khalil

Reflecting on the Arab Regional System

Discussions over change and upheaval are usually followed by the emergence of new global orders. This has happened over and over. Whenever disaster strikes, such as epidemics and conflicts, intellectuals and analysts delve into these discussions. Politicians, on the other hand, contemplate what tomorrow will bring, and on which side they are going to be – that is if they

Dr. Abdel Moneim Said Dr. Abdel Moneim Said

A Gray Phase: Have the West and Iran Agreed on the Red Lines?

Negotiations between Iran and the West that took place between April 2021 and September 2022 have neither resulted in a significant breakthrough nor plunged into a serious crisis. While each party is still determined to uphold its fundamental principles and strategy for the potential agreement, it is also true that neither party has declared the diplomatic route a complete failure.

Dr. Mohamed Abbas Nagy Dr. Mohamed Abbas Nagy

Imminent Challenges: Hunger and Global Food Security Disruption

Multiple challenges have stood in the face of numerous international efforts to improve food security and end hunger in accordance with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Since the Covid-19 crisis, followed by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the difficulties posed by climate change, the world economy has experienced a series of economic shocks manifested in supply chain disruptions, the depreciation of

Asmaa Refaat Asmaa Refaat

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Egypt’s Philosophy of Development

“The New Republic: Egypt’s Philosophy of Development” is a new publication that touches upon Egypt’s holistic framework and general philosophy of development toward drafting a new social contract, worked on

ECSS Team ECSS Team